Publications

Research contributions in Graph Neural Networks, focusing on expressivity, efficiency, and practical applications

T-SNN: Temporal Simplicial Neural Network for EEG Decoding

Nikita Malik, Shubhajit Roy, Mohit Kataria, Isuru Herath, Suraj Yadav, Inés García-Redondo, Dhananjay Bhaskar • 2026

T-SNN pipeline: EEG windows lifted into simplicial complexes, encoded per rank, passed through LSTM and simplicial convolution blocks, and fused with eye-movement features for emotion classification
T-SNN overview: EEG windows lifted into evolving simplicial complexes, then fused with eye-movement features
Decoding brain states needs models that capture both how neural activity evolves and how groups of brain regions interact. Existing EEG methods largely treat recordings as multivariate time series or reduce functional connectivity to pairwise graphs, leaving dynamic higher-order interactions unmodelled. T-SNN represents an EEG recording as a sequence of evolving simplicial complexes and combines simplicial convolutions with recurrent updates, so higher-order interactions and their temporal evolution are learned jointly. On the seven-class SEED-VII emotion recognition task it outperforms convolutional, recurrent, graph-based, and Transformer methods in both trial-wise and cross-subject evaluation, and incorporating eye-movement features improves it further — evidence for the framework’s potential in multimodal brain-state decoding.
Simplicial Complexes Higher-Order Interactions EEG Decoding Emotion Recognition
Three paradigms for snapshot-based dynamic GNNs: temporal-first, spatial-first, and SiST-GNN's simultaneous spatial-temporal message passing
Temporal→Spatial and Spatial→Temporal paradigms vs. simultaneous message passing (ours)
Snapshot-based dynamic GNNs are typically temporal-first or spatial-first: the rigid sequencing forces the second stage to consume an already-compressed summary from the first, so the message-passing operator never gets to weigh a neighbour's contribution by that neighbour's past trajectory. SiST-GNN instead fuses both signals inside a single message-passing operation — each node carries a recurrent hidden state summarising its history, which is paired with its current feature vector as two nodes joined by a cross-time edge, and a standard graph convolution over this temporally augmented graph yields the updated representation. Against fourteen link-prediction baselines, SiST-GNN improves on the strongest prior method by 1–18% in the fixed-split setting and leads on five of six datasets in the live-update setting (1–158%); on dynamic node classification it beats the best discrete-time baseline by 7–23% while matching continuous-time methods that consume raw event streams.
Dynamic Graphs Temporal Graph Learning Message Passing Link Prediction

FIT-GNN: Faster Inference Time for GNNs that 'FIT' in Memory Using Coarsening

Shubhajit Roy, Hrriday Ruparel, Kishan Ved, Anirban Dasgupta • 2026

TMLR LoG 2026 (TMLR Track) AutoML 2026 (Hot-off-the-Press)
FIT-GNN pipeline compared with traditional GNN training and inference
FIT-GNN pipeline vs. traditional GNN training and inference
This paper addresses the computational efficiency challenges in Graph Neural Networks by proposing a novel graph coarsening technique. Our approach significantly reduces inference time and memory while maintaining model performance, making GNNs more practical for real-world applications with large-scale graphs.
Graph Neural Networks Inference Optimization Graph Coarsening Performance
Subgraph counting framework: pattern learning, local count learning, and global count learning
Framework overview: pattern learning, local count learning, global count learning
We propose a novel approach to enhance the expressivity of Graph Neural Networks beyond the traditional Weisfeiler-Leman hierarchy limitations. Our localization-based method improves the ability of GNNs to distinguish between different graph structures while maintaining computational efficiency.
Graph Neural Networks Expressivity Weisfeiler-Leman Localization

Research Interests

My research focuses on advancing the theoretical understanding and practical applications of Graph Neural Networks. I am particularly interested in:

  • Expressivity Enhancement: Developing methods to improve GNN expressivity beyond current theoretical limitations
  • Inference Optimization: Creating efficient algorithms for faster GNN inference in large-scale applications
  • Dynamic Graph Learning: Unified spatial-temporal message passing for dynamic and temporal graph representation
  • Streaming Graph Learning: Addressing challenges in dynamic graph scenarios and catastrophic forgetting
  • Applications: Weather prediction, social network analysis, and knowledge graph construction